Best microbial fungicides fluazinam Pharmacological Characteristics and Efficacy
What is Fluazinam?Fluazinam is a member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.Cas 79622-59-6A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an allergen, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a C-nitro compound, a chloropyridine, an aminopyridine, a secondary amino compound, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes.
Fluazinam is a broad-spectrum fungicide used in agriculture. It is classed as a diarylamine and more specifically an arylaminopyridine. Its chemical name is 3-chloro-N-(3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridinamine.The mode of action involves the compound being an extremely potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and also having high reactivity with thiols.It is unique amongst uncouplers in displaying broad-spectrum activity against fungi and also very low toxicity to mammals due to it being rapidly metabolised to a compound without uncoupling activity.
Fluazinam is a protective broad-spectrum contact fungicide registered for agricultural use to control various soil-borne fungal pathogens on a variety of crops, such as peanuts, potatoes, beans, etc. It can be applied as a foliar spray or soil treatment, which is effective against a number of diseases caused by pathogenic fungi such as gray mold, downy mildew, melanose, scab, alternaria blotch, clubroot, sclerotinia blight, white root rot, violet root rot. Besides, it shows acaricidal property, which can fight against mites in citrus.
Fluazinam Mode of Action
Fluazinam is a 2,6-dinitroaniline protectant fungicide, which belongs to the pyridinamine group. It can mostly find applications in agriculture.
Fluazinam has a multi-site mode of action that disrupts energy production in fungi. Fluazinam has great protective activity, and while it has limited curative or systemic activity, it possesses very good residual effect and rain fastness.
Microbial Fungicides Fluazinam price
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Fluazinam Uses
Fluazinam is a protectant fungicide, but is neither systemic or curative. It acts by inhibiting the germination of spores and the development of infection structures. Although it has activity against many fungi, it is less potent against rusts and powdery mildew and as such has not been commercialised for use in cereal crops. It is widely used to control late blight in potato due to its activity against the zoospores of the pathogen which makes it particularly effective at controlling infection of the potato tubers. Because of its extensive usage to control late blight in Europe, there are confirmed reports of resistance to fluazinam appearing in P. infestans in genotypes EU_33_A2 and EU_37_A2.Fluazinam is also used to control Sclerotinia on peanuts and turf, Botrytis on grapes and beans and clubroot in brassicas.
Fluazinam is a broad-spectrum fungicide used in agriculture. It is classed as a diarylamine and more specifically an arylaminopyridine. The mode of action involves the compound being an extremely potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and also having high reactivity with thiols. It is unique amongst uncouplers in displaying broad-spectrum activity against fungi and also very low toxicity to mammals due to it being rapidly metabolised to a compound without uncoupling activity.
How to use Fluazinam
Fluazinam is a broad spectrum fungicide. Fluazinam is commonly used for control of Sclerotinia blight and other soilborne pathogens of peanut as well for the control of potato blight.
Fluazinam is a highly active fungicide with broad spectrum activity, including soil borne diseases. Furthermore, it has acaricidal activity. Fluazinam is a multi-site contact fungicide that belongs to the pyridinamine family. Fluazinam has launched in several countries since its commercialization in the early 1990's. Now Fluazinam has established a strong presence in potato late blight, soybean white mold or turf fungicide market.
Fluazinam is a fungicide with a protective action but with little curative or systemic activity. It is used to control grey mould and downy mildew on vines, apple scab, southern blight and white mould on peanuts and Phytophthora infestans and tuber blight on potatoes. It is also used against clubroot on crucifers, rhizomania on sugar beet and mites in apples.
Application Fluazinam
Pyridinamine derivatives, dinitroaniline fungicides. It has no therapeutic effect and systemic activity, and is a broad-spectrum and highly effective protective fungicide. Very effective against Alternaria, Phytophthora, Plasmodium, Sclerotinia and Scrubella. It also has a good effect on Botrytis cinerea resistant to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides, and also has a good effect on rice damping-off disease caused by Rhizopus. This product is extremely resistant to rain erosion and has a long residual effect. In addition, it also has the function of controlling herbivorous mites. Since the trifluoromethylampyridine part plays a unique role in transporting compounds to the active sites of pathogenic bacteria, it can inhibit the germination, penetration, growth of hyphae and formation of spores of pathogenic bacteria during infection. The dosage for controlling clubroot is 124.5-250.5g active ingredient/hm2, and the dosage for controlling rhizopus is 187.5-300mg/L soil.
Very effective against Alternaria, Botrytis, Phytophthora, Plasmodium, Sclerotinia and Scrubella
Protective fungicide to prevent and control diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea, clubroot of cruciferous plants, rice damping-off, etc. Preparations are 0.5% powder, 50% wettable powder, 50% suspension concentrate
Fluazinam is a pyridinamine fungicide that can control blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in potatoes, beans and other crops (e.g., bushberries, edible-podded beans and cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and broccoli). Fluazinam has strong persistence of effect against blight and can suppress secondary infection in the field through inhibition of sporulation.
Foliar sprays, applied at 150 – 750 g a.i./ha, controls: late blight, tuber
blight, and Sclerotinia rot on potatoes; gray mold and downy mildew
on grapevines; scab and Alternaria blotch on apples; gray mold,
melanose (Diaporthe), and mites on citrus; Sclerotinia rot and southern
blight on peanuts. Soil applications at the rate of 2-2.5 kg a.i./ha
controls: Clubroot on crucifers, scab and powdery scab on potatoes,
and white root rot and violet root rot on fruit trees
What are the Features Fluazinam
Pyridylamine derivatives, dinitroaniline fungicides.
It Fluazinam has no therapeutic effect and systemic activity. It is a broad-spectrum and highly effective protective fungicide.
It is very effective against Alternaria, Phytophthora, Monoaxa, Sclerotinia, and Venturia.
It Fluazinam also has a good effect on Botrytis cinerea that is resistant to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides, and also has a good effect on rice damping-off caused by Rhizopus.
What are the characteristics Fluazinam
Fluazinam is the only mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler with no cross-resistance to existing agents.
Fluazinam is currently the most active compound among broad-spectrum fungicides By acting on multiple specific sites of ATP synthase at the end of the respiratory chain in the mitochondria, the activity exceeds the single-site inhibition of similar compounds, and the contact effect is outstanding.
Heals, eradicates and super protects
Fluazinam is basically non-systemic, and it is positioned as a protective fungicide. Fluazinam not only has an outstanding protective effect, but also has a certain therapeutic effect in the later stage of the disease. Through isotope tracking and other experimental methods to observe the movement of the agent after spraying fluazinam on the leaves, it was found that fluazinam has strong permeability, and the active ingredients can pass through the epidermal cells of the leaves and enter the outer palisade tissue and spongy tissue to form a drug effect Concentrated layer of protection.
Wide bactericidal spectrum, both ground spray and soil treatment
Fluazinam has a wide bactericidal spectrum, and has good effects on both higher fungi and lower fungi.
Fluazinam has very good soil stability, can still maintain high activity after contact with soil, and has a long half-life, which is suitable for various forms of soil treatment. Fluazinam is an ideal broad-spectrum fungicide for both ground spray and soil treatment.
Has acaricidal effect
The control mechanism is to block the energy synthesis of mites, and it is effective against adults and eggs of spider mite. Chemical penetration, strong contact effect, no systemic conduction, and low resistance to red spiders.
Is fluazinam toxic?
It is unique amongst uncouplers in displaying broad-spectrum activity against fungi and also very low toxicity to mammals due to it being rapidly metabolised to a compound without uncoupling activity. Fluazinam is a protectant fungicide, but is neither systemic or curative.
Toxicity Fluazinam
The acute oral median lethal dose in rats is very low at over 5000 mg/kg due to the compound's reactivity with thiols. This reactivity can have negative consequences since repeated exposure can cause skin sensitization and dermatitis to develop in some individuals. Fluazinam also displays low toxicity to birds, bees and worms, but has a high toxicity to fish. The toxicity towards fish is considered to be relatively unimportant, since the compound has a very short half-life (around 1 day) in aquatic systems.
Metabolic pathway Fluazinam
Fluazinam may typically be applied to crops of potatoes using up to 10 applications each of 150 g ha-1. Routes of degradation involve ring hydroxylation in aerobic soils and reduction of the nitro groups in flooded soils. A large amount of unextractable residue was observed. In potatoes and rats, important reactions involve the reduction of nitro groups and the formation of conjugates. In plants, the trifluoromethyl substituents are hydrolysed to carboxylic acid groups. Most of the information presented below was taken from an evaluation of the fungicide published by the UK Pesticide Safety Directorate (PSD, 1994).
Fluazinam Degradates
Fluazinam may photolyze relatively rapidly in water (2.5 days) to form a tricyclic compound (G-504). Degradates were included in the drinking water risk assessment. The total fluazinam residues are persistent in most environments and are likely to reach aquatic media as a totality through runoff. The total residues may reach adjacent water bodies via runoff events and may be persistent.