Brief Analysis of Fungicide Carbendazim
What is carbendazim?
Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide widely used, and it is also a metabolite of benomyl, also known as cotton wilted and benzimidazole No. 44. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone, chloroform and other organic solvents.
It is commonly used to sterilize grain or fruit, but in some countries, this fungicide can only be used on sports fields or recreational facilities, not on agricultural products. Carbendazim is commonly used to kill fungicides on cereals, citrus, bananas, strawberries, pineapples and other fruits. Carbendazim's 4.7% hydrochloride aqueous solution can be used to treat Dutch elm disease.
The main dosage form of carbendazim
25%, 50% wettable powder, 40%, 50% suspension concentrate, 80% water dispersible granule.
Mechanism of action of carbendazim
Interfere with the formation of the spindle in the mitosis of pathogenic bacteria, affect cell division, and play a bactericidal effect.
Carbendazim Properties
The fungicide carbendazim is an odorless powder, sublimates at 215-217°C, melts at 290°C, decomposes at 306°C, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone, chloroform and other organic solvents. Soluble in inorganic acid and acetic acid, and form the corresponding salt, chemically stable.
The characteristics of carbendazim
The fungicide carbendazim is a systemic fungicide with high efficiency and low toxicity, which has systemic therapeutic and protective effects.
Properties of carbendazim
The fungicide carbendazim is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 302°C to 307°C (decomposition) and a density of 1.45g/cm3 (20°C). Solubility at 24°C: water 29mg/L (pH4), dimethylformamide 5g/L, slightly soluble in other organic solvents. Stable below 50°C for at least 2 years. Slowly decomposes in alkaline solution, decomposes faster as pH increases, loses activity as pH decreases, with 7 as the benchmark. Stable in acids to form soluble salts. The original drug is brown powder. The chemical properties are stable, the original drug can be stored in a cool and dry place for 2-3 years, and the active ingredients will remain unchanged. Low toxicity to humans and animals, and low toxicity to fish.
Carbendazim function
Carbendazim is a highly efficient and low-toxic systemic fungicide, which has systemic therapeutic and protective effects.
It can effectively prevent and control a variety of crop diseases caused by fungi, and is widely used in my country, but its residues can cause liver disease and chromosome aberrations, and are toxic to mammals.
Carbendazim administration
1. Prevention and treatment of wheat diseases
(1) Wheat smut. Use 100 grams of carbendazim active ingredients, add 4 kg of water to evenly spray 100 kg of wheat seeds, and then pile them up for 6 hours before sowing. You can also use 156 grams of multi-effect ingredients, add 156 kilograms of water and stir well, soak 100 kilograms of wheat seeds at 36~. When, then fish out and sow. The liquid medicine can be used continuously.
(2) Wheat head blight. If there is continuous rainy weather at the beginning of wheat flowering, use 150-200 grams of 25% wettable powder per 667 m2, spray 50-80 liters of water, and decide to spray the second medicine every 5-7 days depending on the weather conditions and the development of the disease. Or not, the dosage is the same as the first time.
2. Control rice diseases
(1) Rice blast. Use 37.5-50 grams of active ingredients of carbendazim per 667 meters, and dilute with water for constant or low-volume spraying. To prevent and control leaf blast, spray the medicine for the first time when the disease center is found in the field, and spray again after 7 days. To control panicle blast, spray ~ times at the rice breaching stage and the full heading stage.
(2) Rice sheath blight. Spray once at the end of tillering and before booting of rice. Use 37.5-50 grams of carbendazim active ingredient per 667 m2, and spray it on water. Focus on spraying
Spray rice stems.
(3) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of rice. Spray from the jointing stage to the heading stage of rice round stalks. Use 37.5-50 grams of carbendazim active ingredient per 667 m2, and spray 50-80 liters of water. Spray once every 5 to 7 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in total.
3. Prevention and treatment of cotton diseases To control cotton blight and anthracnose, use 500 grams of carbendazim active ingredient per 100 kilograms of seeds as a seed dressing. The seed soaking method can also be used, with 250 grams of carbendazim active ingredients, 250 kilograms of water, and 100 kilograms of seeds soaked for 24 hours.
4. The prevention and treatment of rape sclerotinia Spray once at the flowering stage and the final flowering stage of rapeseed. Use 37.5-62.5 grams of carbendazim active ingredient per 667 m2, and spray 50-80 liters of water.
5. Use 50% carbendazim wettable powder to control peanut blight, stem rot and root rot. The dosage of seed dressing is 0.5% to 81% of the weight of the seeds, that is, 500-1,000 grams of 50% carbendazim WP for 100 kg of seeds. You can also soak the peanut seeds for 24 hours or moisten the seeds with water, and then dress the seeds according to the above dosage.
6. To prevent and control sweet potato black spot, soak the seed potatoes with 20,000 times the medicinal solution for 10 minutes, or soak the base of the seedlings with 30 mg/kg medicinal solution for 3 to 5 minutes, and the medicinal solution can be used continuously for 7 to 10 times.
7. Prevent and control vegetable diseases
(1) Tomato early blight. In the initial stage of the disease, 31.3-37.5 grams of carbendazim active ingredient was used per 667 m2, and sprayed on 50 liters of water. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 3 to 5 times continuously.
(2) Cucumber anthracnose. Add 2 kg of 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 2000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizers to make medicinal soil covering.
8. Prevention and treatment of fruit tree diseases
(1) Pear scab. Use 25% carbendazim wettable powder 250 times liquid at the budding stage of pear trees, spray the medicine for the first time, and spray the second time after the flowers fall. In the future, the frequency of spraying will be determined according to the development of the disease. General spraying 3 to 4 times, each interval of 7-10 days.
(2) Peach scab. Before peaches are bagged, spray with 200-400 times liquid of 25% carbendazim moisturizing agent H, and spray once every 7-10 days.
(3) Apple brown spot disease. After the disease begins to appear, use 25 cYo carbendazim W wet powder to spray 250-400 times liquid. Spray once every 7-10 days.
(4) Grape white rot, black pox, anthracnose. From the time when the leaves of the grapes are unfolded to before the fruit is colored, spray with 250-500 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder every 10-15 days.
9. Prevention and control of flower diseases Carbendazim has a certain preventive effect on dahlia flower rot, rose leaf spot, clivia leaf spot, crabapple gray spot, orchid anthracnose, leaf spot, and flower powdery mildew. The usage is to use 25% carbendazim 250 times liquid spray in the early stage of disease occurrence. The frequency of spraying is determined according to the development of the disease. Spray once every 7-10 days.
10. Prevent the wound from rotting when succulents are cut.
Carbendazim mixed spray
After mixing 25% carbendazim wettable powder 400 times liquid with 40% triethylphosphonate aluminum wettable powder 200 times liquid, it can also control downy mildew and white spot of cabbage, mustard, radish, etc., cabbage downy mildew.
50% carbendazim wettable powder is used for seed dressing, and the dosage varies according to the disease. The dosage is 0.4% of the seed mass to prevent and control Chinese cabbage brown spot and cabbage anthracnose.
For root irrigation, dilute 12.5% synergistic carbendazim soluble solution to 200-300 times of water, and irrigate the roots at the beginning of the onset, with 100 ml of sub-irrigation solution for each plant, once every 10 days or so, and continuous irrigation 2 to 3 times to prevent yellow leaf disease of cabbage and radish.
Carbendazim Toxicity
Low toxicity to humans, livestock, fish, bees, etc. Irritating to the skin and eyes, dizziness, nausea and vomiting may occur in oral poisoning.
Acute oral LD50 of rats and mice > 5000-15000mg/kg, acute percutaneous LD50 of rats > 2000mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection of rats LD50 > 15000mg/kg. Rats can tolerate it in a space containing 2.2mg/L active ingredient. The original drug was fed to dogs and rats for 3 months, and the no-effect doses were 500mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively. No carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic effects. Low toxicity to fish and bees. Carp LC50 is 40mg/L (48h).
Carbendazim control object
(1) Prevention and treatment of melon powdery mildew, blight, tomato early blight, bean anthracnose, blight, rape sclerotinia, 100-200 grams of 50% wettable powder per mu, sprayed with water, sprayed at the early stage of the disease, and sprayed in total 2 times with an interval of 5-7 days. the
(2) To prevent gray mold of green onions and leeks, spray with 50% wettable powder 300 times liquid; to control eggplant, cucumber sclerotinia, melons, bean anthracnose, and pea powdery mildew, use 50% wettable powder 500 times liquid Spray; control cruciferous vegetables, tomatoes, lettuce, sclerotinia, tomato, cucumber, and bean gray mold, spray with 50% wettable powder 600-800 times liquid; control cruciferous vegetable white spot, cowpea coal mold Disease, celery early blight (spot disease), spray with 50% wettable powder 700-800 times liquid. The above sprays are all applied for the first time at the early stage of the onset, sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed continuously for 2-3 times.
(3) For the control of tomato wilt, the seed dressing should be 0.3-0.5% of the seed weight; for the control of bean wilt, the seed dressing should be 0.5% of the seed weight, or soak the seeds with 60-120 times the drug solution for 12-24 hours.
(4) To control vegetable blight and damping-off at the seedling stage, use 1 part of 50% wettable powder and mix evenly with 1000-1500 parts of semi-dry fine soil. When sowing, sprinkle the medicinal soil into the sowing ditch and cover with soil, 10-15 kg of medicinal soil per square meter.
(5) To control cucumber, tomato fusarium wilt, and eggplant verticillium wilt, use 50% wettable powder to irrigate the roots with 500 times wave, and irrigate 0.3-0.5 kg per plant, and re-irrigate for the second time at intervals of 10 days.
(6) It has a certain effect on peanut control. the
The effect of carbendazim
Using laboratory simulation method, the effects of microorganisms, water content and Cd on the degradation dynamics of carbendazim in soil were studied. The degradation half-life of carbendazim (5.0 mg·kg-1 and 10.0 mg·kg-1) in soil under sterilized conditions was 12.6-13.8 times that under non-sterilized conditions; , Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas) significantly shortened the degradation half-life of carbendazim in soil (32.1%-37.1%); , the degradation half-life of carbendazim was shortened by 46.2% or 74.0%. (50 mg·kg-1) prolongs the degradation half-life of carbendazim (92.6%-103.0%); for the soil added with compound degrading bacteria, the addition of low concentration of Cd (5.0 mg·kg-1) also significantly shortens the soil The degradation half-life of carbendazim was moderate (34.0%-34.4%), and high concentration of Cd (50 mg·kg-1) prolonged the degradation half-life of carbendazim (74.4%-109.4%). Studies have shown that indigenous microorganisms play an important role in the degradation of carbendazim, and the carbendazim-degrading flora, high soil moisture and low concentration of Cd also promote the degradation of carbendazim in soil.
How to use carbendazim
1 Prevention and treatment of jujube, apple, pear and other diseases: use 50% carbendazim or 50% ultramicro carbendazim wettable powder 600-800 times + 1000 times Tianda 2116, or 40% carbendazim suspending agent 500-600 Double liquid + 1000 times Tianda 2116, start spraying 7-10 days after falling flowers, depending on the rainfall, spray after 10-15 days of rainfall, do not spray when there is no rainfall in the dry season, but in the rainy season or when the air is humid 1. When there is long-term dew condensation on the trees at night, and there is no rainfall, it must be sprayed regularly at intervals of 10-15 days, and stop 30-40 days before the fruit is harvested. Diseases and other leaf and fruit diseases.
2 Prevention and treatment of jujube tree diseases: When the diseased buds are found after the jujube trees fall, after carefully removing the diseased buds manually, start spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600-800 times liquid + 1000 times Tianda 2116, depending on the rainfall in the future In some cases, spraying once every 10-15 days can prevent black spot, brown spot, anthracnose and other diseases. In the high temperature and high humidity season in summer, when it is difficult to control the diseased shoots of susceptible varieties, you can spray 8000 times 40% Fuxing medicinal liquid + 1000 times Tianda 2116 (special type for fruit trees) 1-2 times, or combine with summer pruning to remove diseased shoots , Depress the source of bacteria, and then spray carbendazim or Bordeaux mixture. After that, spray once every 10-15 days until the fruit coloring period stops
Carbendazim Precautions
1 with sulfur, mixed amino acid copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, mancozeb, thiram, thiram, thiram, pentachloronitrobenzene, prothiocarbendazim, sclerotin, bromide, B Moldcarb, Jinggangmycin, etc. have compounding agents; they can be mixed with disulfone sodium, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, wuyiencin, etc.
Stop using 18 days before vegetable harvest. This agent cannot be mixed with strong alkaline agents or copper-containing agents, and should be used in rotation with other agents.
2 Do not use carbendazim alone for a long time, nor use it in rotation with similar agents such as thiophanate, benomyl, and thiophanate-methyl. In areas where resistance to carbendazim has developed, the method of increasing the dosage per unit area cannot be used continuously and should be resolutely stopped.
3 Low toxicity. Store in a cool, dry place.
4 is the choice of carbendazim. Currently commercially available carbendazim is mostly wettable powder and gel suspension. No matter which one is selected, compound carbendazim cannot be used, because compound carbendazim can inhibit the growth of mycelia. Also, pay attention to the expiry date of the product. It is better to use the ones with a delivery date of less than one year. For more than one year, the dosage should be increased appropriately, and the use of completely invalid should be prohibited.
5 is the method of carbendazim mixing. When carbendazim is mixed into the compost, the drug can be dissolved in a sufficient amount of water first, and then gradually mixed into the compost, stirring evenly to avoid spot contamination. Control the dosage of carbendazim. If the dosage is increased blindly, it will not only increase the cost, but also affect the growth of mycelia. At the same time, the accumulation of carbendazim in the fruiting body is large, which will cause food contamination.
6. Contraindications to carbendazim: Some edible fungi, such as fungus, mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, etc. are extremely sensitive to carbendazim and should be avoided. In addition, it should be noted that when using carbendazim, care must be taken to control the dosage to prevent excessive residues.
Careful storage of carbendazim
(1) Stop using it 5 days before vegetable harvest. This agent cannot be mixed with strong alkaline agents or copper-containing agents, and should be used in rotation with other agents.
(2) Do not use carbendazim alone for a long time, nor use it in rotation with similar agents such as thiophanate, benomyl, and thiophanate-methyl. In areas where resistance to carbendazim has developed, the method of increasing the dosage per unit area cannot be used continuously and should be resolutely stopped.
(3) With sulfur, mixed amino acid copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, mancozeb, thiram, thiram, thiram, pentachloronitrobenzene, prothiocarbendazim, sclerotin, bromide , Dimethocarb, Jinggangmycin, etc. have mixing agents; it can be mixed with sulfonate, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, Wuyiencin, etc.
(4) Store in a cool, dry place.
Carbendazim Spectral Determination
1. Standard solution of carbendazim (40μg/ml)
Accurately weigh 4±0.05mg carbendazim (99% purity) with a microanalytical balance, dissolve it with 0.1mol/l HCL, transfer it into a 100ml volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with 0.1mol/l HCL. Take this solution and dilute it with 0.1mol/l HCL to obtain carbendazim standard solutions of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 μg/ml.
2. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of carbendazim
Take the above standard solution, use 0.1mol/l HCL as the blank control, and scan one by one on the ultraviolet spectrophotometer to obtain the ultraviolet absorption spectrum.
3. Absorbance difference standard curve
Use the difference A' of the absorbance value at λmax=281nm and the trough at 278nm as the ordinate, and use the corresponding standard solution concentration as the abscissa to draw the standard curve of absorbance difference. The slope is tanβ=A'/C=0.087, then the concentration of the tested solution is C=11.5A'μg/ml.
Using the absorbance difference absorption curve to quantify, the interference of impurities is eliminated to a certain extent, and the accuracy is significantly improved.
The price of fungicide carbendazim
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