What is Herbicide Glufosinate-ammonium
What is Glufosinate-ammonium?
Glufosinate-ammonium is a highly effective herbicide used to control weeds in more than 100 crops in many countries worldwide.Cas77182-82-2Farmers rely on Glufosinate-ammonium because it ensures a high degree of crop safety, as it only affects the parts of the plant where it is applied. It is effective against a broad range of weeds, eliminating the need to apply several herbicides to control different weeds on a given crop. Its unique mode of action makes it ideal to be used in rotation with other herbicides to mitigate weed resistance.
Glufosinate-ammonium is a naturally occurring broad-spectrum herbicide produced by several species of Streptomyces soil bacteria.Glufosinate-ammonium is a non-selective, contact herbicide, with some systemic action.Plants may also metabolize bialaphos and phosalacine, other naturally occurring herbicides, directly into glufosinate.The compound irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase, an enzyme necessary for the production of glutamine and for ammonia detoxification, giving it antibacterial, antifungal and herbicidal properties. Application of glufosinate to plants leads to reduced glutamine and elevated ammonia levels in tissues, halting photosynthesis and resulting in plant death.
How Does Herbicide Glufosinate-ammonium Work?
Glufosinate-ammonium is a plant protection product that works by inhibiting an enzyme central to plant metabolism. Plants absorb this substance primarily through their leaves and other green parts. As a contact herbicide, Glufosinate-ammonium is effective only where it comes into contact with the plant. This allows it to control weeds without affecting the roots or requiring tillage, which is important especially for erosion-prone areas such as slopes.
Glufosinate-ammonium is a contact herbicide, which means that the active substance is only effective where it comes into contact with the plant. The herbicide is rapidly degraded in soil, avoiding that it enters ground water supplies. As only few treatments are needed per growing season, farmers avoid expending considerable energy and resources by applying multiple herbicides on the crop.
What is the mode of action Glufosinate-ammonium
Glufosinate controls weeds by inhibiting glutamine synthetase, an enzyme involved in the incorporation of ammonium into the amino acid glutamine. Inhibition of this enzyme causes a buildup of phytotoxic ammonia in plants which disrupts cell membranes. Glufosinate is a contact herbicide with limited translocation within the plant. Control is best when weeds are actively growing and not under stress.
Glufosinate-ammonium Effective against weeds while ensuring safety of crops.
The primary mode of action of Glufosinate-ammonium is the inhibition of the enzyme glutamine synthetase. This enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia and plays a central role in plant nitrogen metabolism. This mode of action – unique among broad-spectrum herbicides – is key to mitigate developing resistance to other herbicides when used as part of an Integrated Weed Management (IWM) program. This includes the use of multiple herbicide modes-of-action as well as physical and biological weed control methods
The unique mode of action of Glufosinate-ammonium is an effective alternative to the commonly-used Glyphosate and other herbicides.
What is the application Glufosinate-ammonium?
Glufosinate-ammonium its unique mode of action is a vital tool in weed resistance management, helping to improve crop health, agricultural yields and global food security when used as part of an Integrated Weed Management (IWM) program.
Glufosinate-ammonium Unlike products with a root systemic mode of action, the herbicide can treat new branches emerging from the roots of a tree (suckers) selectively without harming the mother tree or vine, controlling weeds at the same time. This is of great importance for crops such as vines, tree nuts, stone fruit or olives.
Glufosinate-ammonium it is registered for use to control weeds in a variety of crops worldwide, including soybeans, corn, canola and cotton, which have been modified through genetic engineering to be tolerant to Glufosinate-ammonium. As a broad-spectrum herbicide, Glufosinate-ammonium acts against a wide range of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds and grasses. This also includes difficult-to-control Glyphosate-resistant weeds such as amaranthus, lolium, conyza and malva.
What is Glufosinate-ammonium herbicide used for?
Herbicide Glufosinate-ammonium provides control of many annual broadleaf and grass weeds; however, control of large or well-tillered annual grasses, such as yellow foxtail, wild oat, or volunteer cereals, can be marginal. Glufosinate also provides suppression of some perennial weeds.
Glufosinate-ammonium is a nonselective foliar herbicide used for broadcast burndown application before planting or prior to emergence of canola, corn, sweet corn, soybean, and sugar beet. It can also be applied post-emergence to glufosinate-tolerant canola, corn, sweet corn, and soybean; however, spray contact with non-tolerant crops can result in injury. Other labeled uses of glufosinate include directed postemergence applications around trees, vines, and berries, as well as potato vine desiccation. In addition to agricultural uses, some glufosinate products can be used to control plants along landscape borders and around ornamental trees.
Herbicide Glufosinate-ammonium price
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Herbicide Glufosinate-ammonium supplier
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Glufosinate-ammonium Use
Glufosinate-ammonium is a broad-spectrum herbicide that is used to control important weeds such as morning glories, hemp sesbania (Sesbania bispinosa), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) and yellow nutsedge similar to glyphosate. It is applied to young plants during early development for full effectiveness.It is sold in formulations under brands including Basta, Rely, Finale, Challenge and Liberty.Glufosinate is typically used in three situations as an herbicide:
Glufosinate-ammonium directed sprays for weed control, including in genetically modified crops.
Glufosinate-ammonium use as a crop desiccation to facilitate harvesting.
Glufosinate-ammonium also has shown to provide some protection against various plant diseases, as it also acts to kill fungi and bacteria on contact.
How Long Does Glufosinate-ammonium Take to Work?
Glufosinate-ammonium With uniform, thorough spray coverage and good growing conditions, necrosis of leaves and young shoots occurs within 2 to 4 days after glufosinate application.
Glufosinate-ammonium Weed control may be reduced if application is made when heavy dew, fog, and mist/rain are present or when weeds are under stress due to environmental conditions such as drought, cool temperatures or extended periods of cloudiness.
Glufosinate-ammonium Application Best Practices
Glufosinate-ammonium requires contact with healthy plant tissue to control weeds effectively. Leaf wetness soon after glufosinate application can wash the product off foliage, leading to the potential need for reapplication. Glufosinate is generally rainfast four hours after application for most weed species, so it’s important to consider future weather forecasts when making spray applications.
Glufosinate-ammonium Applications should be made between dawn and two hours before sunset to avoid the possibility of reduced lambsquarters and velvetleaf control. Spraying between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. on hot, sunny, humid days will maximize glufosinate performance.
Microorganisms quickly degrade Glufosinate-ammonium in the soil; therefore, it has little to no soil residual activity to control non-emerged weeds.
Glufosinate-ammonium can be applied post-emergence broadcast on glufosinate-tolerant canola, corn, cotton and soybeans. After carefully reviewing the label on the product you plan to use, you can apply Glufosinate-ammonium throughout the growing season in conjunction with crop height restrictions.
To avoid severe crop injury, do not apply Glufosinate-ammonium post-emergence to non-tolerant crops.
Glufosinate-ammonium herbicides can also be applied as a standalone burndown herbicide in the fall and spring, but it is better to tank mix with different herbicide modes of action to reduce the risk of glufosinate herbicide weed resistance.
Glufosinate-ammonium Application Rates
Glufosinate-ammonium application rates will vary depending on the product, crop, targeted weed species and environmental conditions.
labeled post-emergence application rates are 22 or 29 fluid ounces per acre for most crops, depending on weed height or diameter. A minimum of 10 gallons of water per acre carrier volume and 80-degree or 110-degree flat fan nozzles are strongly advised for optimum spray coverage and canopy penetration.
Under dense weed/crop canopies, a broadcast rate of 15-20 gallons of water per acre should be used to obtain thorough spray coverage. Consult the product label for specific application rate guidance.
Glufosinate-ammonium Adding ammonium sulfate to the tank mix may increase glufosinate performance, particularly under low humidity conditions or when using high-pH water. Glufosinate requires more AMS per gallon than glyphosate (up to 3 lbs/acre), so consult the product label for optimal rates.
Anti-foam or drift control agents may also be added to glufosinate tank mixes if needed. Adding surfactants or crop oils may increase the risk of crop injury, so consult the herbicide label to confirm best practices for your situation.
Benefits of Glufosinate-ammonium
Glufosinate-ammonium is very effective in controlling a wide range of weeds non-selectively, especially those weeds that have become resistant to the effects of Glyphosate.
Drawbacks of Glufosinate-ammonium
Glufosinate-ammonium is not systemic. When applied to plant leaves and stem, the damage is restricted to those parts of the plants which are in direct contact with the spray.
The active ingredient can move within leaves but cannot move to other parts of the plant such as underground rhizomes or stolons. Long-term control of perennial weeds is limited as a result.
How to effectively control weeds Glufosinate-ammonium
treating small weed sizes (recommended weed size varies with species and application rate),
utilizing spray nozzles and pressure that produce medium-size droplets (250-350 microns). Course droplets can result in reduced weed control,
applying with a minimum of 15 gallons of water per acre.
What’s the Difference Between Glyphosate and Glufosinate-ammonium?
Glyphosate and Glufosinate-ammonium are two of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. Glyphosate can be applied post-emergence to glyphosate-resistant crops, while glufosinate is safe for post-emergence applications in glufosinate-resistant crops.
Glyphosate and Glufosinate-ammonium are both non-selective herbicides that target grass and weed species. Glufosinate-ammonium is more effective on annual broadleaf weeds, while glyphosate is more effective on annual grasses. Glufosinate-ammonium is also effective on many troublesome glyphosate-resistant weeds.
Glufosinate and glyphosate each have a different mode of action and target Glufosinate-ammonium different plant enzymes to kill weeds. Glufosinate-ammonium is a contact herbicide, while glyphosate has systemic activity in the weed.
Glufosinate-ammonium Resistance
Glufosinate-ammonium use has increased in recent years partly due to its compatibility with Enlist soybean weed management programs. Overuse may lead to herbicide resistance issues, so it’s important to use an integrated weed management plan to manage risk. Here are a few tips to consider as you develop a weed control strategy that includes Glufosinate-ammonium:
Make timely herbicide applications when weeds are 4” or smaller
Use multiple modes of action
Use layered residuals to extend the window of weed control
Add effective adjuvants to improve spray performance and plant uptake
Scout fields after applications to verify the application was effective
Add cultural or mechanical weed control practices, including tillage.
Glufosinate-ammonium Movement in the Environment
Glufosinate-ammonium movement in soil depends on both soil properties and pesticides properties. The leaching potential of glufosinate is reduced with increasing soil clay and organic matter content. According to the National Pesticide Information Center’s Herbicide Properties Tool, glufosinate is likely to reach shallow groundwater in sandy soils (Koc = 10) but not in silty loam soils (Koc = 250).5 However, in soil column experiments, glufosinate and its degradants did not leach further than 6 inches in loam or clay soils, or further than 24 inches in sandy soils.6
Movement of Glufosinate-ammonium to surface water can occur dissolved in runoff water or adsorbed to eroding soil. Runoff loss is greatest if a surface water runoff event occurs shortly after application. Glufosinate may also move offsite via drift during application.
Glufosinate-ammonium toxicity
Glufosinate is very toxic to non-target plants. Since it is a contact herbicide, drift of a small volume of spray can result in necrotic vegetation. However, thorough spray coverage would be needed to kill plants, especially if larger in size.
Glufosinate-ammonium is moderately toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates with a lethal concentration, LC50, of >2400 ug/L for both rainbow trout and water flea.7 Glufosinate is slightly toxic to mammals and birds through ingestion with acute oral LD50 values >2000 mg/kg. Glufosinate-ammonium is classified as practically non-toxic to adult honeybees, LD50 >100 μg ai/bee. The toxicity of glufosinate degradates is similar to or lower than the parent compound.
As glufosinate is often used as a pre-harvest desiccant, it can be found in foods that humans ingest. Such foods include potatoes, peas, beans, corn, wheat, and barley. In addition, the chemical can be passed to humans through animals who are fed contaminated straw. Flour processed from wheat grain that contained traces of glufosinate was found to retain 10-100% of the chemicals' residues.
The herbicide is also persistent; it has been found to be prevalent in spinach, radishes, wheat and carrots that were planted 120 days after the treatment of the herbicide.Its persistent nature can also be observed by its half-life which varies from 3 to 70 days depending on the soil type and organic matter content.Residues can remain in frozen food for up to two years and the chemical is not easily destroyed by cooking the food item in boiling water.The EPA classifies the chemical as 'persistent' and 'mobile' based on its lack of degradation and ease of transport through soil.
Glufosinate-ammonium and Human Health
Evaluation of human dietary exposure to Glufosinate-ammonium and its breakdown products by the EPA showed that the greatest risk from glufosinate was from contamination of drinking water. However, observed levels of exposure were found to be below levels of concern and were not considered a reasonable adverse health risk. Based on rodent studies, glufosinate is classified as not likely to be carcinogenic in humans.
Glufosinate-ammonium is a slight skin irritant and a severe eye irritant.9 EPA evaluation determined that short and intermediate term dermal exposure was not a concern if label personal protective equipment requirements, such as goggles and gloves, are utilized. The restricted entry interval for Glufosinate-ammonium treated areas varies among products, crops, and type of field activity.
Glufosinate-ammonium Precautions
Respecting the glufosinate restricted entry interval (REI) of 12 hours (field scouting and irrigation pipe moving may require longer REI times)
Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, including a long shirt, pants, eyewear, chemical-resistant gloves and close-toed shoes when handling glufosinate
Washing hands after handling the herbicide
Removing clothing and PPE immediately after handling glufosinate
Following all label instructions to ensure the safe use of glufosinate
Keep the glufosinate containers tightly closed and dry in a cool, well ventilated place, and protect against sunlight. Storage temperature must not exceed 125°F. Glufosinate waste may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility.